Obtaining a copy of your credit file on a regular basis is an important step in managing your financial situation. Just as important is gaining an understanding of other credit-related issues and resources. In this section, you can find information about Equifax’s privacy policies and practices, and consult the Frequently Asked Questions for information on subjects such as fraud, credit scoring, counseling and more.
Everything You Need to Know About Credit Scores, All in One Place: Equifax Personal Education
Everything You Need to Know About Identity Theft, All in One Place: Equifax Identity Theft
Everything You Need to Know About Credit Reports, All in One Place: Equifax Credit Reports
How Are Credit Scores Calculated?
Highlights:
- Credit scores are designed to predict the likelihood that individuals will pay their bills as agreed
- Credit scores are only one of several pieces of information used to determine your creditworthiness
- Payment history, the amount of credit you’re using, and the length of your credit history are factors included in calculating your credit scores
Credit scores are intended to help financial risk managers and others make fair decisions on whether or not to “take a risk” on someone. The risk might involve giving that person a loan (will they repay it?), offering a credit card (will they make the payments?) or approving their apartment rental application (will they pay their rent?). Credit scores are designed to predict the likelihood that individuals will pay their bills as agreed.
While your credit score is important, it is only one of several pieces of information an organization will use to determine your creditworthiness. For example, a mortgage lender would want to know your income as well as other information in addition to your credit score before it makes a decision.
The main factors involved in calculating a credit score are:
- Your payment history
- Your used credit vs. your available credit
- The length of your credit history
- Public records
- Number of inquiries into your credit file
If you look at your credit scores based on data from both national credit reporting agencies – Equifax and TransUnion – you may see different scores. This is completely normal. Each credit bureau has multiple scoring algorithms and lenders typically request only one of them when making decisions. While all score versions have the same purpose (to predict the likelihood people will pay their bills), there are some differences in the calculations.
There are many different scoring models and here is a general breakdown of the factors the models consider:
Payment history: ~35%
Your credit history includes information about how you have repaid the credit you have already been extended on credit accounts such as credit cards, lines of credit, retail department store accounts, installment loans, auto loans, student loans, finance company accounts, home equity loans and mortgage loans for primary, secondary, vacation and investment properties.
In addition to reporting the number and type of credit accounts that you’ve paid on time, this category also includes details on late or missed payments, public record items and collection information. Credit scoring models look at how late your payments were, how much was owed, and how recently and how often you missed a payment. Your credit history will also detail how many of your credit accounts are delinquent in relation to all of your accounts on file. For example, if you have 10 credit accounts (known as “tradelines” in the credit industry), and you’ve had a late payment in 5 of those accounts, that ratio may impact your credit score.
Used credit vs. available credit: ~30%
A key part of your credit score analyzes how much of the total available credit is being used on your credit cards, as well as any other revolving lines of credit. A revolving line of credit is a type of loan that allows you to borrow, repay, and then reuse the credit line up to its available limit.
Also included in this factor is the total line of credit or credit limit. This is the maximum amount you could charge against a particular credit account, say $2,500 on a credit card.
Credit history: ~15%
This section of your credit file details how long your credit accounts have been in existence. The credit score calculation typically includes both how long your oldest and most recent accounts have been open. In general, creditors like to see that you’ve been able to properly handle credit accounts over a period of time.
Public Records: ~10%
Those who have a prior history of bankruptcy, or have had collection issues or other derogatory public records may be considered risky. The presence of these events may have a significant negative impact on a credit score.
Inquiries: ~10%
Anytime an individual’s credit file is accessed for any reason, the request for information is logged on the file as an inquiry. Inquiries require the consent of the individual and some may affect the individual’s credit score calculation. The only inquiries which may impact a credit score are those related to active credit seeking (such as applying for a new loan or credit card). These inquiries are known in industry jargon as “hard pulls” or “hard hits” on your credit file. The hard inquiry may be the leading indicator, the first sign of financial distress that appears on the credit file. Of course not every inquiry is a sign of financial difficulty, and only a number of recent inquiries, in combination with other warning signals on the credit file should lead to a significant decline in a credit score.
Your credit score does not take into account requests a creditor has made for your credit file or credit score in order to make a pre-approved credit offer, or to review your account with them, nor does it take into account your own request for a copy of your credit history. These are some examples of “soft inquiries” or “soft pulls” of your credit.
Source : Equifax Canada
How to get a copy of your personal EQUIFAX credit report:
- Go to the Consumer Information Centre to get general information.
- Purchase Your Credit Report Online . Get a copy of your own personal credit report.
- Phone 514-493-2314 or 1-800-465-7166 to request a copy of your report and further information
- Mail a written request with copies of two pieces of identification to:Equifax Canada Inc.
Consumer Relations Department
Box 190 Jean Talon Station
Montreal, Quebec
H1S 2Z2 - Fax a written request with copies of two pieces of identification to: 514-355-8502
- Email a request to: [email protected]
How to get a copy of your personal TRANSUNION credit report:
- Go to the Consumer Information Centre to get general information.
- Phone 1-800-663-9980 to request a copy of your report and further information.
- Mail a written request with copies of two pieces of identification to:TransUnion
Consumer Relations
3115 Harvester Road, Suite 201
Burlington, Ontario
L7N 3N8
FAQs on credit scoring, counseling and more:
- What exactly is a credit file?
- Why is my credit file important?
- What information does a consumer credit report contain?
- How is this information gathered and who keeps it?
- How can I get a copy of my credit report?
- Can I get my credit report on-line?
- Who can access my credit file?
- Why is some information on my credit file outdated?
- How can I make sure my credit file information is accurate?
- How can I correct an inaccuracy in my Equifax credit file?
- What if I am still not satisfied with an item on my file?
- How long does Equifax keep information in my credit file?
- Why do we need credit reporting?
- What is a rating?
- Does my file tell me how I will be rated?
- What is an “inquiry”?
- How can I protect my identity?
- What can I do if I suspect I am a victim of identity fraud?
- Why was I denied credit?
- Does Equifax use consumer credit information to market consumer products and services, or sell my name to direct mail companies?
- How does divorce affect consumer credit?
- What is a credit score?
- Is the credit score part of my credit file?
- How is my credit file affected if I was a co-signer on a loan and the person on whose behalf I co-signed fell behind in their payments?
- Can I get advice and assistance if I have credit problems?
- How can I establish and maintain a good credit rating?
- Should I go to a Credit Repair Clinic to fix my poor credit rating?
- What if I am planning to do a major renovation or make a large purchase; can I protect myself from dealing with a company that may not be reputable or commercially viable?
1. What exactly is a credit file?
Your credit file is created when you first borrow money or apply for credit. On a regular basis, companies that lend money or issue credit cards to you – including banks, finance companies, credit unions, retailers – send specific factual information related to the financial transactions they have with you to credit reporting agencies.
The credit reporting agencies organize and store this information so that it can be referred to in the future, with your consent. Your credit file contains all the information that a credit reporting agency has received from companies that have extended credit to you.
For example, it might include a listing of your credit cards or lines of credit, along with a history of whether or not you have paid on time. If you have declared bankruptcy, that fact will also appear. If you did not pay a bill and your account was sent to a collection agency, that will show on your credit file. In summary, your credit file is a report of your financial history and performance with credit grantors.
2. Why is my credit file important?
When you apply for credit or want to open an account, the credit grantor wants to be sure that if they lend you money they will be paid back. The more your credit file demonstrates that you pay your debts on time, the more desirable you become as a potential customer.
If you have fallen behind in the past, a credit grantor wants to see how you have been managing your debt since then. Your credit file also shows how much you have already borrowed. Credit grantors want to evaluate your financial capacity to make monthly payments. No responsible lender will want to over-lend or encourage customers to take on more debt than they can pay back.
3. What information does a consumer credit report contain?
Here is a general overview of the different sections in a consumer credit report:
- Personal Identification contains key identification information, such as your name, address, birth date and Social Insurance Number (SIN).
- Inquiries lists all individuals or organizations that have requested a copy of your credit file in the past three years.
- Public Record Information contains information about secured loans, bankruptcies and/or judgments.
- Third-Party Collection Agency contains information about any involvement with a collection agency trying to settle a debt.
- Trade Information provides details of your credit transactions and shows whether payments are being made. Each of these “trade” items is evaluated by the credit grantor. The evaluations are based on industry standard ratings, the most common of which use a range from R0 to R9. R0 indicates you are too new to rate; R1 indicates that you pay within 30 days of billing or as agreed; R9 indicates a bad debt, collection or bankruptcy.
- Consumer Statement is where you can add a brief comment about any information in your file. For example, if you have an R9 rating, you may want to explain that you suffered a setback due to illness, temporary unemployment or other extenuating circumstances.
4. How is this information gathered and who keeps it?
Credit information is gathered by credit reporting agencies, sometimes called credit bureaus. There are two major credit reporting agencies in Canada: Equifax Canada Inc., and Trans Union of Canada, Inc. Governed by provincial and federal laws, they store and maintain credit information about individual Canadians for use by members of the credit reporting agency. These members include banks, financing companies, auto leasing companies, credit card companies, retailers, etc.
Credit grantors update individual credit files regularly by providing information to credit reporting agencies about their customers’ credit and payment activities. This ensures that credit files remain up-to-date and as complete as possible.
Other sources of the information contained in your credit report can include collection agencies and public records from courthouses across the country.
Whether you make or miss a payment, this fact will be added to your file. When you give permission to a credit grantor to look at your credit file, this history is available for them to review.
Years ago, the gathering and storing of credit information was done manually – credit bureau employees created actual paper files and updated them one at a time. Now, credit grantors send data in electronic form to a highly efficient and secure computer environment.
5. How can I get a copy of my credit report?
To obtain your credit report, either download a copy of the request form that we’ve included on this web site or call the two largest Canadian credit reporting agencies, Equifax Canada Inc. at 1 800 465 7166 and Trans Union of Canada 1 800 663 9980.
Once you have placed your request, the credit reporting agency will then mail your report to you. It is recommended that you get your report from both agencies to ensure accuracy.
6. Can I get my credit report on-line?
Consumers may obtain a copy of their credit report, plus credit score, and a score analysis on-line in Canada, for a fee. Equifax Consumer Services Canada www.econsumer.equifax.ca provides consumers on-line, real-time access to their credit information. Consumers provide personal information during the order process for their credit information so that Equifax can verify their identity and immediately deliver their credit report. The consumer information collected online may be used later to provide relevant notifications and special information to each consumer.
7. Who can access my credit file?
Equifax is the largest credit-reporting agency in Canada and receives over 40 million requests for file information each year. Federal and provincial laws are very specific as to who can review your credit file and for what purpose. An individual or company may only obtain a copy of your credit file with your consent or after having told you that they will be reviewing your file. A company must have a legitimate business reason and a permissible purpose, as stated in government regulations, to obtain your credit file.
When you apply for a loan or credit card you are usually asked to complete and sign an application form. An application normally includes written consent that gives permission to the credit grantor to check your credit file when you first apply and for as long as the account is open. In addition to your name, an application often asks for your date of birth, your address and a previous address if you’ve recently moved – all of which helps to locate your credit file at a credit reporting agency.
Each time a member of the credit bureau requests your file, the request is noted on your file as an inquiry. You can therefore see a complete record of who has requested your credit file and when.
A credit reporting agency may only provide a copy of your file when the request relates to the extension of credit, collection of a debt, housing rental, an application for employment or for insurance purposes. Since your credit file contains only factual information, it is important to remember that each of the companies requesting your credit file will interpret those facts in its own way to arrive at a decision.
8. Why is some information on my credit file outdated?
Employment information is reported from applications for credit and therefore is not updated regularly.
Balance reflects your balance on the date the submitter last reported the information. Many credit grantors supply information on a monthly basis, so the balance shown may not be your current balance.
An old account still reported a credit file as a history of your payment habits. All accounts, paid or unpaid, remain on your file for six years from the date of last activity.
Duplicate Accounts may appear to be reported in your credit file. This needs to be examined carefully, because some credit grantors issue new account numbers with every loan renewal. Also, when you report a credit card as lost or stolen, your credit grantor will issue a new card with a new number, resulting in a new item on your file.
Accounts included in my bankruptcy still show up in the credit file. All items included in bankruptcy remain on file for six years from the date of last activity.
9. How can I make sure my credit file information is accurate?
Request a copy of your credit file. If you check your credit file periodically, especially before making any major purchases or applying for credit, you can make sure there are no surprises ahead. If you believe your file contains an inaccuracy, you can take steps to correct it. Simply provide information about the disputed item to the credit reporting agency.
If you find unfavourable, but accurate facts in your file, you may be able to prevent a potentially embarrassing situation by discussing this with the lender when you fill out an application. You can also initiate immediate action to re-establish good credit. You might consider adding a short qualifying statement to your credit file to explain the circumstances surrounding the negative information in your file.
10. How can I correct an inaccuracy in my Equifax credit file?
First you will need to complete a Consumer Credit Report Update Form. Once complete begin by contacting Equifax.
- Telephone: 1 800 465 7166 between 8:00am and 5:00pm ET
- Write to: Equifax Canada Inc. Consumer Relations Department Box 190 Jean Talon Station Montreal, Quebec H1S 2Z2
- Send an e-mail request to: [email protected].
After they receive your call, letter or e-mail request, they will begin the Dispute Resolution process.
First, they review and consider the information you have sent in about your dispute. If this initial review does not resolve the problem, they will continue the investigation. This involves contacting the submitter of the disputed information on your behalf to review the details. They will investigate and report their conclusions. Based on their findings, they may make changes to your credit file. If the disputed information is correct, they will not make any changes.
They will send you a revised credit report if changes are made as a result of the Dispute Resolution process.
They will also send your revised credit file to any company that requested your credit file 60 days prior to the change. In some cases, it may be a period longer than 60 days.
11. What if I am still not satisfied with an item in my file?
If you still do not agree with an item after it has been verified with the submitter, you can send Equifax a brief statement explaining that you disagree. They will add this statement to your credit file and it will be shown every time your credit file is reviewed.
If you have added a comment, you have the right to ask Equifax to send your revised credit file to any company that requested your credit file 60 days prior to the change.
Important Note:
You do not need to pay a third party to obtain, discuss, review or make changes to your credit report. You have the right to access your information and make changes to your file if there is an inaccuracy or if you want to include a comment.
It is impossible for a third party to make changes in your file if the facts have been correctly reported. There are individuals and companies that claim they can fix a bad credit file. This is not the case. If a file includes accurate, yet negative information about your credit history, this information cannot be changed. Information will only be changed when your file contains an inaccuracy.
12. How long does Equifax keep information in my credit file?
- CREDIT INQUIRIES TO THE FILE: An Inquiry made by a Creditor will automatically purge three (3) years from the date of the inquiry. The system will keep a minimum of five (5) inquiries.
- CREDIT HISTORY AND BANKING INFORMATION: A credit transaction will automatically purge from the sytem six (6) years from the date of last activity.
- All banking information (checking or saving account) will automatically purge from the system six (6) years from the date of registration.
- VOLUNTARY DEPOSIT – ORDERLY PAYMENT OF DEBTS, CREDIT COUNSELING: When voluntary deposit OPD credit counseling is paid, it will automatically purge from the sytem three (3) years from the date paid.
- REGISTERED CONSUMER PROPOSAL: When a registered consumer proposal is paid, it will automatically purge three (3) years from the date paid.
- BANKRUPTCY: A bankruptcy automatically purges six (6) years from the date of discharge in the case of a single bankruptcy. If the consumer declares several bankruptcies, the system will keep each bankruptcy for fourteen (14) years from the date of each discharge. All accounts included in a bankruptcy remain on file indicating included in bankruptcy and will purge six (6) years from the date of last activity.
- JUDGMENTS, SEIZURE OF MOVABLE/IMMOVABLE, GARNISHMENT OF WAGES: The above will automatically purge from the system six (6) years from the date filed.
- COLLECTION ACCOUNTS: A collection account under public records will automatically purge from the sytem six (6) years from the date of last activity.
- SECURED LOANS: A secured loan will automatically purge from the system six (6) years from the date filed.
(Exception: P.E.I. Public Records: seven (7) to ten (10) years.)
13. Why do we need credit reporting?
Every day, Canadians purchase goods or services using credit. The decision to extend credit is made by a “credit grantor” such as a bank or store. Most often, this decision involves reviewing your credit file, which is obtained from a credit reporting agency, such as Equifax. With your permission, credit grantors review your credit file to determine your credit history and assess your credit-worthiness.
Every piece of credit history information in your credit file is assigned a rating by the credit grantor. The most common ratings are “R” ratings. These are known as North American Standard Account Ratings and are the most frequently used. The “R” indicates that the item being described involves revolving credit. If you always pay on time, it will be coded an R1. If an amount was written off because you never paid it back, it is coded R9. The R ratings are a coding system that translates “on time”, “one month late”, “two months late”, etc., into two-digit codes.
Rating: What it Means
| R0 | Too new to rate; approved but not used | |
| R1 | Pays (or paid) within 30 days of payment due date or not over one payment past due | |
| R2 | Pays (or paid) in more than 30 days from payment due date, but not more than 60 days, or not more than two payments past due | |
| R3 | Pays (or paid) in more than 60 days from payment date, but not more than 90 days, or not more than three payments past due | |
| R4 | Pays (or paid) in more than 90 days from payment due date, but not more than 120 days, or four payments past due | |
| R5 | Account is at least 120 days overdue but is not yet rated 9 | |
| R6 | This rating does not currently exist | |
| R7 | Making regular payments under a consolidation order or similar arrangement (i.e. Credit Counselling through Third Party) | |
| R8 | Repossession (voluntary or involuntary return of merchandise) | |
| R9 | Bad debt; placed for collection; moved without giving a new address | |
Other rating indicators that might be found on a report are “I” for installment credit or “O” for open credit line.
15. Does my file tell me how I will be rated?
Your file will not tell you how an individual credit grantor will evaluate you as a potential customer. Each credit grantor has its own policies for making decisions about individual customers.
An “inquiry” shows the name of the company or individual who has requested your credit file. Each inquiry is listed on the credit file so that you know who has obtained a copy of it. In addition to checking your file when you first apply for credit, credit grantors typically request regular updates of your credit file after an account has been opened, when it is being renewed or for limit increases. These are listed as “update” inquiries in a separate section of your credit file. They are for your information only and are not displayed to other credit grantors.
17. How can I protect my identity?
Identity fraud is on the rise, and it can happen to anyone. It can happen to you. Taking steps to limit your vulnerability to identity fraud is the best method of protecting yourself and safeguarding your credit file.
Limit the potential for fraud while using a credit card
When your credit cards are lost or stolen:
- Keep a list of the names, account numbers and the expiration dates of your cards in a safe place. This will aid you when alerting your credit grantors about a lost or stolen card.
- Call your credit grantors immediately upon discovering your cards are missing. Most have 24-hour toll-free numbers for this purpose. If you re-open the account, ensure they have your correct address.
When using your credit cards:
- Carry only the identification and credit cards you need when traveling, whether locally or out of town.
- Do not carry your credit cards with your chequebook.
- If your chequebook is lost or stolen, call your bank. Inform them of the cheque numbers missing.
- Sign your credit cards in permanent ink as soon as you receive them.
- When making a purchase, keep your card in view at all times. Retrieve it as soon as the transaction is completed and make sure it is your card.
- Do not sign a blank charge slip.
- Always save your receipts, never leave them behind. Avoid saying your account number aloud if others can hear.
- Only provide your ID and credit card information over the phone to reputable companies where you have initiated the call.
- If you receive a call from someone claiming to represent your credit card issuer and the caller asks for your account number, do not provide it. If the caller is employed by the issuer, they will know your number.
- If your Social Insurance Card is missing, contact your employer or your local Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC) office immediately.
- If your Driver’s License is missing, contact your local driver and vehicle license issuing office. You should also report it to your local police.
How to manage your credit card statements:
- Check your statement as soon as it arrives to ensure the charges are correct.
- Keep statements in a safe place. They contain sensitive information.
- Before discarding old statements, even of closed accounts, rip them into small pieces or shred them.
- If your statement does not arrive, call your credit card issuer.
Limit the potential for fraud when using ATMs and PINs
- Shield your numbers while using the ATM.
- Never leave your receipts behind.
- Choose a PIN that is unique. Use a number other than your birthday, Social Insurance Number or other obvious number.
- Never write down your PIN in your chequebook or on your cards. It is best to memorize it.
Limit the potential for fraud when using the mail service
- If your mail stops arriving, check with Canada Post. Sometimes a change of address is submitted by a fraud perpetrator in an attempt to get your mail, or steal your identity.
- If you apply for a new credit card and it does not arrive, contact the issuer.
18. What can I do if I suspect I am a victim of identity fraud?
If you have lost or had your personal identification stolen, or if an institution has contacted you regarding suspected fraud activity, please call Equifax toll-free at 1 800 465 7166 or 514 493 2314. They will add a statement to your file to alert credit grantors that you may be a victim of fraudulent activity.
This may mean that the next time you apply for credit, you may be questioned more thoroughly. The credit grantor wants to make sure that you are, in fact, the person you say you are. The additional questions that might come your way are asked because of the “fraud alert” on your file.
Equifax neither grants nor denies any application for credit. They simply provide a factual account of your credit history to credit grantors. The credit grantor reviews this information and makes an independent decision based on its own policies. You can call Equifax to establish whether there was negative information on your credit file that may have prevented you from receiving credit.
20. Does Equifax use consumer credit information to market consumer products and services, or sell my name to direct mail companies?
Equifax does not do this.
21. How does divorce affect consumer credit?
A divorce decree does not supersede the original contract with the creditor, and does not release you from legal responsibility on your accounts. You must contact each creditor and seek their release of your obligation. Only after that release can your credit history be updated accordingly.
A credit score is a numeric value assigned by credit grantors to indicate how likely someone is to pay back a loan or credit card according to the agreed repayment terms. It is an indicator of the level of risk that a borrower might represent. It is used as a predictor of future performance.
Much like a life insurance company that reviews your medical history to determine the insurance risk when you apply for a life insurance policy, credit grantors review your financial history to determine your credit risk. Credit grantors often use an automated scoring process to help make that risk assessment.
A credit score is only one piece of information credit grantors use when evaluating your application for credit. Some credit scores may be based solely on information in your credit file. Other scores may be based on a combination of credit file information and other information you supply on your credit application. Generally, scores use your past credit history to help predict how you might manage credit in the future.
23. Is the credit score part of my credit file?
The credit score is not part of your credit file.
24. How is my credit file affected if I was a co-signer on a loan and the person on whose behalf I co-signed fell behind in their payments?
If you are a co-signer to a loan, the activities related to that loan will usually be reported by the credit grantor on both the file of the primary borrower and the co-signer. However, reporting policies may vary amongst credit grantors.
Therefore where there is a default in payment, a note indicating that the loan is in default will appear on the credit file of the co-signer.
25. Can I get advice and assistance if I have credit problems?
Yes, you may obtain assistance from various organizations. For example, Consumer Credit Counselling Services (CCCS) are non-profit organizations that offer free or low-cost financial counselling to help people solve their financial problems. For more information, see Helpful Links.
26. How can I establish and maintain a good credit rating?
There are a few simple ways to keep a solid credit rating. First, pay your bills promptly and always meet payment due dates. Borrow only the amount you can afford to repay. Draw up a budget to control your spending. If you have debts, pay them off as scheduled or even ahead of schedule. And finally, review your credit file regularly to stay informed about the details in your credit file.
27. Should I go to a Credit Repair Clinic to fix my poor credit rating?
You may see advertisements for Credit Repair Clinics in the classified sections of newspapers, with claims that they can “fix” bad credit reports, for a fee. Only responsible credit practices over time can improve a poor credit history. For an explanation of how and when information in a credit file may be changed, click here.
Credit counselling organizations are not the same as Credit Repair Clinics, and can offer you professional advice on how to improve your credit practices. For more information on several reputable credit counselling agencies, go to Helpful Links.
28. What if I am planning to do a major renovation or make a large purchase; can I protect myself from dealing with a company that may not be reputable or commercially viable?
Equifax has the single largest commercial credit database about Canadian companies. They have credit reports on over 2 million businesses. You can order a commercial credit report about a company with which you are planning to do business.